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The Terek Cossack Host ((ロシア語:Терское казачье войско)) was a Cossack host created in 1577 from free Cossacks who resettled from the Volga to the Terek River. The local aboriginal Terek Cossacks joined this Cossack host later. In 1792 it was included in the Caucasus Line Cossack Host and separated from it again in 1860, with the capital of Vladikavkaz. In 1916 the population of the Host was 255,000 within an area of 1.9 million desyatinas. Many of the early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.〔Wixman. ''The Peoples of the USSR''. p. 52〕 ==Early history== It is unclear how the first Cossack community appeared on the Terek. One theory is that they were descendants of the Khazar state and of the Tmutarakan Principality, as there are records indicating that Mstislav of Tmutarakan in the Battle of Listveno in 1023 had Cossacks on his side when he destroyed the army of Yaroslav the Wise. This would mean the Slavic peoples of the Caucasus are native to the region having settled there much earlier.〔Thomas M. Barrett. At the Edge of Empire: The Terek Cossacks and the North Caucasus Frontier, 1700-1860. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1999. xv + 243. $55.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8133-3671-8.〕 But later Terek Cossacks assimilated the first Terek Cossacks and introduced their own new agriculture.〔Thomas M. Barrett The Land is Spoiled By Water': Cossack Colonisation in the North Caucasus. Environment and History 5(1999): 27-52〕 The earliest known records of Slavic settlements on the lower Terek River date to 1520 when the Ryazan Principality was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow and a lone group left and settled in the natural haven of the Terek River (modern northern Chechnya). The early settlement was located at the mouth of the Aktash River. This formed the oldest Cossack group, the Mountain Cossacks (Гребенские казаки ''Grebenskiye Kazaki'') who settled on both banks of the river. In 1559-71 the Tsardom of Russia, in the course of several campaigns, built several fortifications, during which the first Terka was built, later taken over by the still independent Cossacks. In 1577, after the Volga Cossacks were defeated by the strelets Ivan Murashkin, many scattered, some of whom settled in the Terek basin and Voevoda Novosiltsev built the second Terka on the Terek, marking the start of the Terek Cossacks. In 1584 this Terka was again taken over by Cossacks, some of whom were recruited by the Georgian king Simon I of Kartli.〔(Терское казачество. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ. Хронология важнейших событий, касающихся Терского казачьего Войска. - Казачья лавка. Казачий магазин (на Волжской) )〕 In a separate story, an ataman of the Don Cossack Host named Andrei Shadrin led a band of three Cossack sotnias to the Kumyk lands, founding the frontier town of Tersky around 1580. This may have been partially motivated by his tense relations with Yermak Timofeyevich.〔Mikhail Astapenko "Donskiye Kazach'i Atamany" (Don Cossack Atamans)〕 He subsequently founded Andreyevo (the modern Endirey), which was named for him.〔.〕 In the late 16th century several campaigns by the Terek Cossacks were carried out against the Ottoman Empire (Temryuk) which led the Sultan to complain to Ivan the Terrible. In 1589 the first outpost on the Sunzha was built and a permanent Terka, later known as Tersky Gorodok, was built on the lower Terek. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Terek Cossacks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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